Well Built Places Consultancy & Education

The design of healthcare facilities is crucial in promoting the well-being of patients, especially those with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The use of colour in these environments plays a significant role in influencing behaviour, mood, and cognitive function. This article explores the best practices for the design and use of colour to support the health and well-being of individuals with ADHD, based on current research and evidence-based design principles.

Impact of Colour on Individuals with ADHD

ADHD is characterised by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Sensory environments, including colour schemes, can significantly impact individuals with ADHD, either alleviating or exacerbating their symptoms. Proper use of colour can create environments that help improve focus, reduce hyperactivity, and promote a sense of calm.

Best Practices for Using Colour

1. Calming and Muted Colours

Soft, muted colours such as light blues, greens, and pastels are recommended for environments frequented by individuals with ADHD. These colours are known for their calming effects and can help reduce anxiety and hyperactivity. Blue, in particular, is often associated with tranquility and focus, making it an ideal choice for treatment and waiting areas (Heerwagen & Gregory, 2008).

2. Avoiding Bright and Intense Colours

Bright and intense colours, like reds, oranges, and yellows, can be overstimulating and may increase hyperactivity and agitation. It is advisable to use these colours sparingly and avoid large expanses of bold hues in spaces designed for individuals with ADHD (Mahnke, 1996).

3. Consistent and Simple Colour Schemes

A consistent and simple colour scheme can help individuals with ADHD by reducing visual clutter and promoting a sense of order. Sudden changes in colour can be distracting, so maintaining a cohesive palette throughout a facility is beneficial (Higgins et al., 2005).

4. Neutral Backgrounds with Colour Accents

Using neutral backgrounds with strategic colour accents can provide visual interest without causing overstimulation. This approach allows for the introduction of colour in a controlled manner, ensuring that the overall environment remains calm and conducive to concentration (Dalke et al., 2004).

5. Colour Zoning

Colour zoning can be used to delineate different areas within a healthcare facility. For example, different shades can signify treatment areas, waiting rooms, and quiet spaces. This can help individuals with ADHD understand the function of each area and reduce confusion (Gaines & Curry, 2011).

Consideration of Lighting

The interplay between colour and lighting is significant. Natural light enhances the perception of colours and creates a more pleasant environment. Artificial lighting should be adjustable to accommodate individual sensitivities and ensure that colours are perceived as intended (Veitch & Newsham, 2000).

Stakeholder Input

Engaging patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals in the design process can provide valuable insights into the preferences and needs of individuals with ADHD. This participatory approach can lead to more effective and user-friendly designs (Parker et al., 2004).

Flexibility and Personalisation

Providing options for personalisation within patient rooms and treatment areas can empower individuals and improve their comfort and engagement. Allowing patients to choose from a range of colours for their immediate environment can enhance their sense of control and well-being (Ulrich et al., 2008).

Conclusion

The thoughtful use of colour in healthcare facilities can significantly impact the well-being of individuals with ADHD. By incorporating calming and muted colours, avoiding overstimulation, maintaining consistent colour schemes, and implementing colour zoning, designers can create therapeutic environments that support health and well-being. These best practices, combined with a holistic approach to design, can enhance the quality of care and improve outcomes for this population.

References

• Dalke, H., Littlefair, P., & Loe, D. (2004). Lighting and colour for hospital design. London: The Stationery Office.
• Gaines, K., & Curry, Z. D. (2011). The Impact of School Building Condition on Student Achievement and Behavior. Journal of Educational Administration, 49(4), 356-378.
• Heerwagen, J. H., & Gregory, S. (2008). Biophilia and Sensory Aesthetics. In Biophilic Design: The Theory, Science and Practice of Bringing Buildings to Life. John Wiley & Sons.
• Higgins, S., Hall, E., Wall, K., Woolner, P., & McCaughey, C. (2005). The Impact of School Environments: A Literature Review. The Centre for Learning and Teaching, School of Education, Communication and Language Science, University of Newcastle.
• Mahnke, F. H. (1996). Color, Environment, and Human Response. Van Nostrand Reinhold.
• Parker, C., Barnes, S., McKee, K., Morgan, K., Torrington, J., & Tregenza, P. (2004). Quality of life and building design in residential and nursing homes for older people. Ageing & Society, 24(6), 941-962.
• Ulrich, R. S., Zimring, C., Zhu, X., DuBose, J., Seo, H. B., Choi, Y. S., Quan, X., & Joseph, A. (2008). A review of the research literature on evidence-based healthcare design. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 1(3), 61-125.
• Veitch, J. A., & Newsham, G. R. (2000). Exercised control, lighting choices, and energy use: An office simulation experiment. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 20(3), 219-237.