Well Built Places Consultancy & Education

Introduction

The design of healthcare facilities significantly influences patient outcomes, staff efficiency, and overall well-being. With increasing evidence supporting the impact of the built environment on health, it is crucial to integrate best practices in the design of these facilities. At Well Built Places we investigate the best practices in designing healthcare facilities, focusing on elements such as natural light, flexible spaces, biophilic design, acoustic considerations, indoor air quality, and the strategic use of colour.

Natural Light

Natural light is essential in healthcare settings due to its numerous benefits for both patients and staff. Exposure to natural light has been associated with reduced stress, improved mood, better sleep, and faster recovery times for patients (Choi et al., 2012). For staff, natural light can enhance job satisfaction and reduce fatigue. Incorporating large windows, skylights, and light wells can maximise natural light. Additionally, the orientation of buildings and the use of reflective surfaces can help distribute light more effectively (Edwards & Torcellini, 2002).

Flexible Spaces

Flexible design in healthcare facilities allows for adaptability to changing needs and functions. Spaces that can be easily reconfigured to accommodate different medical procedures, patient volumes, and technological advancements are crucial. Movable walls, modular furniture, and adaptable layouts support a variety of uses and can improve operational efficiency (Ulrich et al., 2008). This flexibility also extends to patient rooms, where customisable environments can enhance comfort and support personalised care.

Biophilic Design

Biophilic design integrates natural elements into healthcare environments to promote healing and well-being. Features such as indoor plants, natural materials, and views of nature can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and improve overall patient outcomes (Ulrich et al., 1991). Incorporating gardens, green walls, and water features within the facility can create a more calming and restorative atmosphere. Access to outdoor spaces, such as courtyards and rooftop gardens, provides additional therapeutic benefits.

Acoustic Considerations

Noise levels in healthcare settings can significantly impact patient stress and recovery. Effective acoustic design is essential to minimise noise and create a tranquil environment. This includes the use of sound-absorbing materials, acoustic panels, and careful spatial planning to reduce noise transmission between areas (Joseph & Ulrich, 2007). Quiet environments contribute to better sleep quality for patients and reduce cognitive load for staff, thereby improving overall performance and satisfaction.

Indoor Air Quality

Good indoor air quality is critical for patient health and recovery. Poor air quality can exacerbate respiratory conditions, increase infection rates, and negatively impact cognitive function. Healthcare facilities should incorporate high-efficiency ventilation systems, use low-emission materials, and maintain stringent cleaning protocols to minimise pollutants and allergens (Mendell & Heath, 2005). Ensuring proper humidity levels and air filtration can further enhance air quality and support patient recovery.

Use of Colour

Colour can profoundly influence mood and behaviour in healthcare settings. Specific colours can be used strategically to create different atmospheres: warm colours such as yellows and oranges can create a welcoming environment, while cool colours such as blues and greens can promote calmness and relaxation. In patient rooms, soothing colours can help reduce anxiety and stress, whereas brighter colours may be used in common areas to enhance social interaction and energy (Dalke et al., 2006).

Conclusion

The design of healthcare facilities is integral to promoting health and well-being for both patients and staff. By incorporating natural light, flexible spaces, biophilic design, acoustic considerations, good indoor air quality, and the strategic use of colour, healthcare environments can be optimised to support holistic healing and operational efficiency. Adopting these best practices not only enhances patient outcomes but also improves staff performance and satisfaction, ultimately leading to better healthcare delivery.

References

• Choi, J.-H., Beltran, L. O., & Kim, H.-S. (2012). Impacts of indoor daylight environments on patient average length of stay (ALOS) in a healthcare facility. Building and Environment, 50, 65-75.
• Dalke, H., Littlefair, P., Loe, D., Camgoz, N., Steadman, G., Hill, S., & Stott, L. (2006). Colour and lighting in hospital design. Optics & Laser Technology, 38(4-6), 343-365.
• Edwards, L., & Torcellini, P. (2002). A Literature Review of the Effects of Natural Light on Building Occupants. National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
• Joseph, A., & Ulrich, R. (2007). Sound control for improved outcomes in healthcare settings. The Center for Health Design.
• Mendell, M. J., & Heath, G. A. (2005). Do indoor pollutants and thermal conditions in schools influence student performance? A critical review of the literature. Indoor Air, 15(1), 27-52.
• Ulrich, R. S., Simons, R. F., Losito, B. D., Fiorito, E., Miles, M. A., & Zelson, M. (1991). Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 11(3), 201-230.
• Ulrich, R. S., Zimring, C., Zhu, X., DuBose, J., Seo, H. B., Choi, Y. S., Quan, X., & Joseph, A. (2008). A review of the research literature on evidence-based healthcare design. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 1(3), 61-125.